According to the analysis of existing technology and the application of drilling equipment, the new technology research and application of oil drilling equipment drilling machines will mainly focus on the following four aspects.
Although automated drilling technology has been implemented on drilling machines, there are still some key technologies that need to be solved and improved for intelligent drilling and large-scale application. Intelligent drilling technology mainly includes the establishment of drilling monitoring and decision-making systems. Drilling monitoring is the foundation, providing raw analysis data for automatic drilling, and is also a crucial link to ensure drilling safety. The decision-making system is critical and includes expert systems, online modeling and model optimization, etc.
On the one hand, sensor detection technology, especially for high-temperature and high-pressure downhole parameter detection technology, power and signal transmission issues during drilling, and the establishment of decision-making systems, will be important research content for the supporting technology of intelligent drilling. On the other hand, research, field testing, and improvement of decision-making systems will be the continuous research content of supporting technology for intelligent drilling. It is suggested that the oil drilling rig R&D and production unit cooperate with drilling operation teams, drilling process research institutes, universities, and other units, fully leveraging the advantages of each in drilling-related technology R&D, establishing a complete decision-making system, seamlessly integrating it into the drilling rig system, and truly realizing intelligent and automated drilling, achieving the goal of optimizing drilling performance, improving drilling efficiency, and reducing drilling platform personnel.
Distributed control, also known as decentralized control, is a multi-level computer system composed of process control levels and process monitoring levels, linked by a communication network. It integrates computer, communication, display, and control technologies. The basic idea is centralized operation, decentralized control, hierarchical management and has the characteristics of flexible configuration and convenient configuration. With the increasing popularity of automated equipment, a single controller can no longer meet the control requirements of drilling machines. Based on the multi-control station collaborative operation and the hierarchical network of distributed control systems, drilling can better play its role. On the basis of the current integration control of drilling machines, the drilling rig control network should be improved, an engineer station should be added, and a drilling rig-specific monitoring system comprising every drilling rig should be established to enhance information resource integration, normal drilling work management, and drilling data sharing.
Currently, drilling control of oil drilling machines is carried out in the drilling room next to the wellhead, and corresponding control systems are also located near the wellhead. Due to the harsh environment and the fact that the wellhead is an explosion-prone area, in addition to high requirements for the protection and explosion-proof of the control systems, there is also a certain threat to the personal safety of the drilling team. Based on network information communication technology, automatic control technology, and all-round video monitoring, remote drilling technology can make the driller and monitoring center stay away from the wellhead. This technology is vital to improving safety and reducing environmental requirements for control systems.
In many industrial situations, equipment failure can cause significant losses, and online fault diagnosis technology is applied to detect equipment faults in advance and eliminate accident risks, providing raw data for equipment improvement and optimization. The drilling rig system, especially offshore platform drilling machines, may cause significant economic losses or even major accidents due to equipment failure during operation. The drilling rig system is a very complex mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic system, and equipment maintenance is not only a heavy workload but also difficult to locate faults. Therefore, integrating online fault detection and diagnosis technology in the drilling rig system is significant. The hydraulic and electrical control systems in the drilling rig system mainly rely on sensor detection technology, which can be determined directly according to status data. However, using vibration testing technology, computer information technology, fault mode recognition theory, etc., to detect and diagnose the mechanical system of drilling machines will become new research content for drilling rig systems.
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